使用 Groovy™、OpenNLP、CoreNLP、Nlp4j、Datumbox、Smile、Spark NLP、DJL 和 TensorFlow 进行自然语言处理

def helper = new ResourceHelper('https://dlcdn.apache.org/opennlp/models/langdetect/1.8.3/')
def model = new LanguageDetectorModel(helper.load('langdetect-183'))
def detector = new LanguageDetectorME(model)

[ spa: 'Bienvenido a Madrid', fra: 'Bienvenue à Paris',
  dan: 'Velkommen til København', bul: 'Добре дошли в София'
].each { k, v ->
    assert detector.predictLanguage(v).lang == k
}

def datasets = [
    English: getClass().classLoader.getResource("training.language.en.txt").toURI(),
    French: getClass().classLoader.getResource("training.language.fr.txt").toURI(),
    German: getClass().classLoader.getResource("training.language.de.txt").toURI(),
    Spanish: getClass().classLoader.getResource("training.language.es.txt").toURI(),
    Indonesian: getClass().classLoader.getResource("training.language.id.txt").toURI()
]

def trainingParams = new TextClassifier.TrainingParameters(
    numericalScalerTrainingParameters: null,
    featureSelectorTrainingParametersList: [new ChisquareSelect.TrainingParameters()],
    textExtractorParameters: new NgramsExtractor.Parameters(),
    modelerTrainingParameters: new MultinomialNaiveBayes.TrainingParameters()
)

def config = Configuration.configuration
def classifier = MLBuilder.create(trainingParams, config)
classifier.fit(datasets)
def metrics = classifier.validate(datasets)
println "Classifier Accuracy (using training data): $metrics.accuracy"

Classifier Accuracy (using training data): 0.9975609756097561

[   'Bienvenido a Madrid', 'Bienvenue à Paris', 'Welcome to London',
    'Willkommen in Berlin', 'Selamat Datang di Jakarta'
].each { txt ->
    def r = classifier.predict(txt)
    def predicted = r.YPredicted
    def probability = sprintf '%4.2f', r.YPredictedProbabilities.get(predicted)
    println "Classifying: '$txt',  Predicted: $predicted,  Probability: $probability"
}

Classifying: 'Bienvenido a Madrid',  Predicted: Spanish,  Probability: 0.83
Classifying: 'Bienvenue à Paris',  Predicted: French,  Probability: 0.71
Classifying: 'Welcome to London',  Predicted: English,  Probability: 1.00
Classifying: 'Willkommen in Berlin',  Predicted: German,  Probability: 0.84
Classifying: 'Selamat Datang di Jakarta',  Predicted: Indonesian,  Probability: 1.00

var doc = new DefaultDocument()
doc.putAttribute('text', 'I eat sushi with chopsticks.')
var ann = new StanfordPosAnnotator()
ann.setProperty('target', 'text')
ann.annotate(doc)
println doc.keywords.collect{  k -> "${k.facet - 'word.'}(${k.str})" }.join(' ')

PRP(I) VBP(eat) NN(sushi) IN(with) NNS(chopsticks) .(.)

doc = new DefaultDocument()
doc.putAttribute('text', '私は学校に行きました。')
ann = new KuromojiAnnotator()
ann.setProperty('target', 'text')
ann.annotate(doc)
println doc.keywords.collect{ k -> "${k.facet}(${k.str})" }.join(' ')

名詞(私) 助詞(は) 名詞(学校) 助詞(に) 動詞(行き) 助動詞(まし) 助動詞(た) 記号(。)

def sentences = [
    'Paul has two sisters, Maree and Christine.',
    'No wise fish would go anywhere without a porpoise',
    'His bark was much worse than his bite',
    'Turn on the lights to the main bedroom',
    "Light 'em all up",
    'Make it dark downstairs'
]

def tokenizer = new SimpleTokenizer(true)
sentences.each {
    def tokens = Arrays.stream(tokenizer.split(it)).toArray(String[]::new)
    def tags = HMMPOSTagger.default.tag(tokens)*.toString()
    println tokens.indices.collect{tags[it] == tokens[it] ? tags[it] : "${tags[it]}(${tokens[it]})" }.join(' ')
}

def tokenizer = SimpleTokenizer.INSTANCE
sentences.each {
    String[] tokens = tokenizer.tokenize(it)
    def posTagger = new POSTaggerME('en')
    String[] tags = posTagger.tag(tokens)
    println tokens.indices.collect{tags[it] == tokens[it] ? tags[it] : "${tags[it]}(${tokens[it]})" }.join(' ')
}

String[] sentences = [
    "A commit by Daniel Sun on December 6, 2020 improved Groovy 4's language integrated query.",
    "A commit by Daniel on Sun., December 6, 2020 improved Groovy 4's language integrated query.",
    'The Groovy in Action book by Dierk Koenig et. al. is a bargain at $50, or indeed any price.',
    'The conference wrapped up yesterday at 5:30 p.m. in Copenhagen, Denmark.',
    'I saw Ms. May Smith waving to June Jones.',
    'The parcel was passed from May to June.',
    'The Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci has been on display in the Louvre, Paris since 1797.'
]

def base = 'http://opennlp.sourceforge.net/models-1.5'
def modelNames = ['person', 'money', 'date', 'time', 'location']
def finders = modelNames.collect { model ->
    new NameFinderME(DownloadUtil.downloadModel(new URL("$base/en-ner-${model}.bin"), TokenNameFinderModel))
}

def tokenizer = SimpleTokenizer.INSTANCE
sentences.each { sentence ->
    String[] tokens = tokenizer.tokenize(sentence)
    Span[] tokenSpans = tokenizer.tokenizePos(sentence)
    def entityText = [:]
    def entityPos = [:]
    finders.indices.each {fi ->
        // could be made smarter by looking at probabilities and overlapping spans
        Span[] spans = finders[fi].find(tokens)
        spans.each{span ->
            def se = span.start..<span.end
            def pos = (tokenSpans[se.from].start)..<(tokenSpans[se.to].end)
            entityPos[span.start] = pos
            entityText[span.start] = "$span.type(${sentence[pos]})"
        }
    }
    entityPos.keySet().sort().reverseEach {
        def pos = entityPos[it]
        def (from, to) = [pos.from, pos.to + 1]
        sentence = sentence[0..<from] + entityText[it] + sentence[to..-1]
    }
    println sentence
}

var assembler = new DocumentAssembler(inputCol: 'text', outputCol: 'document', cleanupMode: 'disabled')

var tokenizer = new Tokenizer(inputCols: ['document'] as String[], outputCol: 'token')

var embeddings = WordEmbeddingsModel.pretrained('glove_100d').tap {
    inputCols = ['document', 'token'] as String[]
    outputCol = 'embeddings'
}

var model = NerDLModel.pretrained('onto_100', 'en').tap {
    inputCols = ['document', 'token', 'embeddings'] as String[]
    outputCol ='ner'
}

var converter = new NerConverter(inputCols: ['document', 'token', 'ner'] as String[], outputCol: 'ner_chunk')

var pipeline = new Pipeline(stages: [assembler, tokenizer, embeddings, model, converter] as PipelineStage[])

var spark = SparkNLP.start(false, false, '16G', '', '', '')

var text = [
    "The Mona Lisa is a 16th century oil painting created by Leonardo. It's held at the Louvre in Paris."
]
var data = spark.createDataset(text, Encoders.STRING()).toDF('text')

var pipelineModel = pipeline.fit(data)

var transformed = pipelineModel.transform(data)
transformed.show()

use(SparkCategory) {
    transformed.collectAsList().each { row ->
        def res =  row.text
        def chunks = row.ner_chunk.reverseIterator()
        while (chunks.hasNext()) {
            def chunk = chunks.next()
            int begin = chunk.begin
            int end = chunk.end
            def entity = chunk.metadata.get('entity').get()
            res = res[0..<begin] + "$entity($chunk.result)" + res[end<..-1]
        }
        println res
    }
}

class SparkCategory {
    static get(Row r, String field) { r.get(r.fieldIndex(field)) }
}

22/08/07 12:31:39 INFO SparkContext: Running Spark version 3.3.0
...
glove_100d download started this may take some time.
Approximate size to download 145.3 MB
...
onto_100 download started this may take some time.
Approximate size to download 13.5 MB
...
+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
|                text|            document|               token|          embeddings|                 ner|           ner_chunk|
+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
|The Mona Lisa is ...|[{document, 0, 98...|[{token, 0, 2, Th...|[{word_embeddings...|[{named_entity, 0...|[{chunk, 0, 12, T...|
+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
PERSON(The Mona Lisa) is a DATE(16th century) oil painting created by PERSON(Leonardo). It's held at the FAC(Louvre) in GPE(Paris).

def text = '''
The most referenced scientific paper of all time is "Protein measurement with the
Folin phenol reagent" by Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N. J., Farr, A. L. & Randall,
R. J. and was published in the J. BioChem. in 1951. It describes a method for
measuring the amount of protein (even as small as 0.2 γ, were γ is the specific
weight) in solutions and has been cited over 300,000 times and can be found here:
https://www.jbc.org/content/193/1/265.full.pdf. Dr. Lowry completed
two doctoral degrees under an M.D.-Ph.D. program from the University of Chicago
before moving to Harvard under A. Baird Hastings. He was also the H.O.D of
Pharmacology at Washington University in St. Louis for 29 years.
'''

def helper = new ResourceHelper('http://opennlp.sourceforge.net/models-1.5')
def model = new SentenceModel(helper.load('en-sent'))
def detector = new SentenceDetectorME(model)
def sentences = detector.sentDetect(text)
assert text.count('.') == 28
assert sentences.size() == 4
println "Found ${sentences.size()} sentences:\n" + sentences.join('\n\n')

Downloading en-sent
Found 4 sentences:
The most referenced scientific paper of all time is "Protein measurement with the
Folin phenol reagent" by Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N. J., Farr, A. L. & Randall,
R. J. and was published in the J. BioChem. in 1951.

It describes a method for
measuring the amount of protein (even as small as 0.2 γ, were γ is the specific
weight) in solutions and has been cited over 300,000 times and can be found here:
https://www.jbc.org/content/193/1/265.full.pdf.

Dr. Lowry completed
two doctoral degrees under an M.D.-Ph.D. program from the University of Chicago
before moving to Harvard under A. Baird Hastings.

He was also the H.O.D of
Pharmacology at Washington University in St. Louis for 29 years.

def parser = CoreNLPUtils.StanfordDepNNParser()
sentences.each { sentence ->
    def minie = new MinIE(sentence, parser, MinIE.Mode.SAFE)

    println "\nInput sentence: $sentence"
    println '============================='
    println 'Extractions:'
    for (ap in minie.propositions) {
        println "\tTriple: $ap.tripleAsString"
        def attr = ap.attribution.attributionPhrase ? ap.attribution.toStringCompact() : 'NONE'
        println "\tFactuality: $ap.factualityAsString\tAttribution: $attr"
        println '\t----------'
    }
}

Input sentence: The conference wrapped up yesterday at 5:30 p.m. in Copenhagen, Denmark.
=============================
Extractions:
        Triple: "conference"    "wrapped up yesterday at"       "5:30 p.m."
        Factuality: (+,CT)      Attribution: NONE
        ----------
        Triple: "conference"    "wrapped up yesterday in"       "Copenhagen"
        Factuality: (+,CT)      Attribution: NONE
        ----------
        Triple: "conference"    "wrapped up"    "yesterday"
        Factuality: (+,CT)      Attribution: NONE

Sentence #7: The parcel was passed from May to June.
root(ROOT-0, passed-4)
det(parcel-2, The-1)
nsubj:pass(passed-4, parcel-2)
aux:pass(passed-4, was-3)
case(May-6, from-5)
obl:from(passed-4, May-6)
case(June-8, to-7)
obl:to(passed-4, June-8)
punct(passed-4, .-9)

Triples:
1.0 parcel was passed
1.0 parcel was passed to June
1.0 parcel was passed from May to June
1.0 parcel was passed from May

def doc = new Document('''
StanfordNLP is fantastic!
Groovy is great fun!
Math can be hard!
''')
for (sent in doc.sentences()) {
    println "${sent.toString().padRight(40)} ${sent.sentiment()}"
}

[main] INFO edu.stanford.nlp.parser.common.ParserGrammar - Loading parser from serialized file edu/stanford/nlp/models/lexparser/englishPCFG.ser.gz ... done [0.6 sec].
[main] INFO edu.stanford.nlp.sentiment.SentimentModel - Loading sentiment model edu/stanford/nlp/models/sentiment/sentiment.ser.gz ... done [0.1 sec].
StanfordNLP is fantastic!                POSITIVE
Groovy is great fun!                     VERY_POSITIVE
Math can be hard!                        NEUTRAL

def datasets = [
    positive: getClass().classLoader.getResource("rt-polarity.pos").toURI(),
    negative: getClass().classLoader.getResource("rt-polarity.neg").toURI()
]

def trainingParams = new TextClassifier.TrainingParameters(
    numericalScalerTrainingParameters: null,
    featureSelectorTrainingParametersList: [new ChisquareSelect.TrainingParameters()],
    textExtractorParameters: new NgramsExtractor.Parameters(),
    modelerTrainingParameters: new MultinomialNaiveBayes.TrainingParameters()
)

def config = Configuration.configuration
TextClassifier classifier = MLBuilder.create(trainingParams, config)
classifier.fit(datasets)
def metrics = classifier.validate(datasets)
println "Classifier Accuracy (using training data): $metrics.accuracy"

[main] INFO com.datumbox.framework.core.common.dataobjects.Dataframe$Builder - Dataset Parsing positive class
[main] INFO com.datumbox.framework.core.common.dataobjects.Dataframe$Builder - Dataset Parsing negative class
...
Classifier Accuracy (using training data): 0.8275959103273615

['Datumbox is divine!', 'Groovy is great fun!', 'Math can be hard!'].each {
    def r = classifier.predict(it)
    def predicted = r.YPredicted
    def probability = sprintf '%4.2f', r.YPredictedProbabilities.get(predicted)
    println "Classifing: '$it',  Predicted: $predicted,  Probability: $probability"
}

...
[main] INFO com.datumbox.framework.applications.nlp.TextClassifier - predict()
...
Classifing: 'Datumbox is divine!', Predicted: positive, Probability: 0.83
Classifing: 'Groovy is great fun!', Predicted: positive, Probability: 0.80
Classifing: 'Math can be hard!', Predicted: negative, Probability: 0.95

def trainingCollection = datasets.collect { k, v ->
    new File(v).readLines().collect{"$k $it".toString() }
}.sum()

def variants = [
        Maxent    : new TrainingParameters(),
        NaiveBayes: new TrainingParameters((CUTOFF_PARAM): '0', (ALGORITHM_PARAM): NAIVE_BAYES_VALUE)
]
def models = [:]
variants.each{ key, trainingParams ->
    def trainingStream = new CollectionObjectStream(trainingCollection)
    def sampleStream = new DocumentSampleStream(trainingStream)
    println "\nTraining using $key"
    models[key] = DocumentCategorizerME.train('en', sampleStream, trainingParams, new DoccatFactory())
}

def w = sentences*.size().max()

variants.each { key, params ->
    def categorizer = new DocumentCategorizerME(models[key])
    println "\nAnalyzing using $key"
    sentences.each {
        def result = categorizer.categorize(it.split('[ !]'))
        def category = categorizer.getBestCategory(result)
        def prob = sprintf '%4.2f', result[categorizer.getIndex(category)]
        println "${it.padRight(w)} $category ($prob)"
    }
}

Training using Maxent …done.
…

Training using NaiveBayes …done.
…

Analyzing using Maxent
OpenNLP is fantastic! positive (0.64)
Groovy is great fun! positive (0.74)
Math can be hard! negative (0.61)

Analyzing using NaiveBayes
OpenNLP is fantastic! positive (0.72)
Groovy is great fun! positive (0.81)
Math can be hard! negative (0.72)

class MyTranslator implements NoBatchifyTranslator<String[], double[][]> {
    @Override
    NDList processInput(TranslatorContext ctx, String[] raw) {
        var factory = ctx.NDManager
        var inputs = new NDList(raw.collect(factory::create))
        new NDList(NDArrays.stack(inputs))
    }

    @Override
    double[][] processOutput(TranslatorContext ctx, NDList list) {
        long numOutputs = list.singletonOrThrow().shape.get(0)
        NDList result = []
        for (i in 0..<numOutputs) {
            result << list.singletonOrThrow().get(i)
        }
        result*.toFloatArray() as double[][]
    }
}

def predict(String[] inputs) {
    String modelUrl = "https://storage.googleapis.com/tfhub-modules/google/universal-sentence-encoder/4.tar.gz"

    Criteria<String[], double[][]> criteria =
        Criteria.builder()
            .optApplication(Application.NLP.TEXT_EMBEDDING)
            .setTypes(String[], double[][])
            .optModelUrls(modelUrl)
            .optTranslator(new MyTranslator())
            .optEngine("TensorFlow")
            .optProgress(new ProgressBar())
            .build()
    try (var model = criteria.loadModel()
         var predictor = model.newPredictor()) {
        predictor.predict(inputs)
    }
}

String[] inputs = [
    "Cycling is low impact and great for cardio",
    "Swimming is low impact and good for fitness",
    "Palates is good for fitness and flexibility",
    "Weights are good for strength and fitness",
    "Orchids can be tricky to grow",
    "Sunflowers are fun to grow",
    "Radishes are easy to grow",
    "The taste of radishes grows on you after a while",
]
var k = inputs.size()

var embeddings = predict(inputs)

var z = new double[k][k]
for (i in 0..<k) {
    println "Embedding for: ${inputs[i]}\n${embeddings[i]}"
    for (j in 0..<k) {
        z[i][j] = dot(embeddings[i], embeddings[j])
    }
}

new Heatmap(inputs, inputs, z, Palette.heat(20).reverse()).canvas().with {
    title = 'Semantic textual similarity'
    setAxisLabels('', '')
    window()
}

Loading:     100% |========================================|
2022-08-07 17:10:43.212697: ... This TensorFlow binary is optimized with oneAPI Deep Neural Network Library (oneDNN) to use the following CPU instructions in performance-critical operations:  AVX2
...
2022-08-07 17:10:52.589396: ... SavedModel load for tags { serve }; Status: success: OK...
...
Embedding for: Cycling is low impact and great for cardio
[-0.02865048497915268, 0.02069241739809513, 0.010843578726053238, -0.04450441896915436, ...]
...
Embedding for: The taste of radishes grows on you after a while
[0.015841705724596977, -0.03129228577017784, 0.01183396577835083, 0.022753292694687843, ...]